Final answer:
The English Bill of Rights best shows the early American idea that citizens have freedoms the government cannot take away, reflecting how the Magna Carta influenced American political ideology with its principles of limited government and protection of natural rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The diagram that best represents the effect an important document had on early American ideas about government is the following: English Bill of Rights → Citizens have freedoms that the government cannot take away. The Magna Carta introduced the concept of limited government and the notion that the monarch's rule was not absolute, influencing the American political system and the idea that citizens possess certain inalienable rights. The Magna Carta is pivotal for American politics because it laid the foundation for constitutional principles such as the right to due process, which is echoed in the Fifth and Sixth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. Over time, documents such as the English Bill of Rights expanded on these rights, leading to the development of a political ideology that embraced popular sovereignty, and the principle that government exists to protect the natural rights of its citizens, not to rule absolutely.