The Heliocentry Theory deals with the celestial movements and sought the answer to a question intriguing to the scientists of that time: Does the Earth revolve around the Sun or does the Sun revolve around the Earth?
At the time of the Cultural and Scientific Renaissance, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Catholic Church still controlled cultural and scientific production, and defended the theory of Geocentrism, that is, affirmed that the Earth was the center of the Universe.
However, the discoveries by means of telescope, of Nicholas Copernicus and, later, Galileo Galilei gave scientific support for the heliocentric theory.
Heliocentrism is the opposite of Geocentrism, that is, these two scientists have come to the conclusion that the Sun is the center of the Universe and that it is the Earth that revolves around the Sun.
For defending the heliocentrismo, Galileo was condemned to death by the Court of the Inquisition, but returned back and said that it believed in the Geocentrismo, which was not true.
Centuries later the Church recognized the heliocentric theory and apologized.