The correct answers are given below:
1. Salt water is a liquid solution.
A substance is defined as a liquid solution if it is an homogeneous system in which a solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent. For a liquid solution, more than one compound exist in only one phase. Examples of liquid solution are salt dissolved in water and ethanol dissolved in water.
2. Sterling silver is a solid solution.
A solid solution is a solution that contain a minor constituent, which is distributed uniformly within the crystal lattice of the major component. It is a solid state solution of one or more solutes that are dissolved in a solvent. Thus, a mixture of two crystalline solids exist together in a new crystalline solid.
3. Sugar is a compound.
A compound is said to be formed when two or more elements combine together chemically in order to form a new substance. Such a reaction is usually irreversible and a new substance is usually formed. Sugar such as glucose is consider to be a compound because it was formed from the chemical combination of carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.
4. Air is a gaseous solution.
A substance is said to be a gaseous solution if two or more gases are mixed together in such a way that they become uniformly mixed up. In this case both the solvent and the solute are gases. Gases can only dissolve in gases if they are mixed under specific conditions. An example of gaseous solution is air, in which oxygen and other gases are dissolved in nitrogen.
5. Gold is an element.
An element refers to a substance that is made from only one type of atom. There are different types of elements in existence and gold is one of them. An element is usually made up of the same number of proton and electron, this makes the element to be neutral. An element will undergo chemical reactions with other element based on its chemical properties.