Final answer:
The cellular membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell. Passive transport refers to the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the input of energy. Osmosis is a type of passive transport in which water molecules move through a selectively permeable membrane.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cellular Membrane:
The cellular membrane, also known as the cell membrane or plasma membrane, is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, separating it from the external environment. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Passive Transport:
Passive transport is a process by which substances move across the cell membrane without the input of energy. It includes three main types: diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
Osmosis:
Osmosis is a type of passive transport in which water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
Simple Diffusion:
Simple diffusion is a type of passive transport in which molecules move directly across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Broadcast and Dissemination:
These terms are not directly related to cell biology and do not have specific definitions in this context.
Facilitated Diffusion:
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport in which molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with the help of carrier proteins.
Active Transport:
Active transport is a process by which substances move across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. It requires the input of energy, usually in the form of ATP.
Endocytosis:
Endocytosis is a process in which the cell membrane engulfs material from the external environment and brings it into the cell. It is an active transport mechanism that requires energy.
Phagocytosis:
Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which large particles, such as cell debris or microorganisms, are engulfed by the cell.
Pinocytosis:
Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which small droplets of liquid are taken up by the cell.
Exocytosis:
Exocytosis is the process by which substances are exported out of the cell through the fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane.