Use PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, then Subtraction) Solve whatever is in parentheses first while still following the same rule (4*4 then the product - 31) After that multiply the answer from the parentheses by 1. Then that by 8, after that add 5 to that and finally subtract 1. Hopefully you understood, tried my best to explain it in a simple form.