Final answer:
Cultural Deviance Theory suggests that subcultures with differing norms can lead individuals to exhibit behaviors that deviate from mainstream societal standards. It's part of social disorganization theory, indicating that an individual's environment plays a critical role in their adherence to or deviation from societal norms. The theory emphasizes that deviance is not inherently bad and can lead to positive social change.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cultural Deviance Theory
Cultural Deviance Theory is a subset of social disorganization theory which proposes that an individual's environment plays a pivotal role in whether they conform to societal norms or deviate from them. According to this theory, deviance is a violation of societal norms. In areas where social institutions like family or school are weakened or have failed, so-called subcultures may arise, fostering norms that might be deviant by mainstream standards.
The theory underscores the influence of social context on behavior and suggests that being exposed to and raised in such subcultures increases the likelihood of deviant behavior. This deviance can manifest in various ways, ranging from minor acts like nose-picking in public to severe criminal activities. However, not all deviance is considered negative; it can promote social change by highlighting injustices and disparities within society.
The formation and enforcement of legal codes and sanctions play a crucial role in mitigating and controlling deviant behaviors. Sanctions can be formal, recognized and enforced through legal systems, or informal, exerted through social interactions. Over time, what is perceived as deviant behavior may change as societal norms evolve.