The correct answer is C) deductive reasoning.
Jefferson's use of the four premises followed by a conclusion in the preamble is an example of the literary device called deductive reasoning.
The scientific process includes deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is a form of reasoning to get a valid conclusion that starts with a general statement also called a hypothesis and then evaluates the chances to get a logical conclusion. It goes from the general to the specific. And that is what Thomas Jefferson used in the preamble.