Final answer:
The type of bond that shares electrons is the covalent bond, which allows atoms to stabilize by filling their valence shells through shared electron pairs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of bond that involves the sharing of electrons between atoms is known as a covalent bond. Unlike ionic bonds where electrons are transferred from one atom to another, covalent bonding allows atoms to share electrons to fill their valence shells. For example, in a molecule of chlorine gas (Cl2), the two chlorine atoms share electrons equally because they are of the same element. However, in molecules where covalent bonds form between different types of atoms, electrons may not be shared equally, leading to polar covalent bonds.