Final answer:
The name given to the electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom is 'valence electrons'. They play a key role in determining an atom's chemical reactivity and bonding capabilities. So the correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an atom are called valence electrons. These electrons are crucial since they determine the chemical properties of an atom, such as reactivity and the ability to form bonds. While all the electrons closer to the nucleus are known as core electrons, it is the valence electrons that play the most significant role in chemical reactions and bonding. An element like Neon is more stable because it has a full valence electron shell, making it less likely to react with other elements.