Answer: C. Geography
Explanation: All early civilizations were formed on the basis of geographical advantages for the development of agriculture, maritime affairs, easy access points for trade and exchange, fishing, i.e. in river valleys or on suitable sea coasts. Thus, Mesopotamian, Indian, Egyptian civilizations developed in the river valleys, while for example Phoenician, Greek, on the sea coasts. It should be noted that some of the civilizations such as Egypt also went out to sea, but the primary development of agriculture and further progress was thanks to the Nile River. Thus, depending on the primary activity on the basis of which a particular civilization developed, the geographical suitability that contributed to it, at least initially, should be considered. Later, these geographical suitability were expanded with the expansion and development of certain civilizations.