The right option is; all of the above
Fertilization is part of sexual reproduction process and the fusion of specialized male gametes (sperm) and female gametes (egg) to initiate the formation of a new individual organism (zygote). Fertilization occurs with two haploid gametes (sex cells). In animals, fertilization can occur either internally (such as in mammals) or externally (such as in birds and fishes). Fertilization takes place in plants after pollination and germination.