Final answer:
The last Ice Age caused prehistoric peoples in central Asia to migrate to North America across the Bering Land Bridge, while those in the Middle East moved into northern Mesopotamia, with both migrations primarily driven by changes in climate and the search for resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
Climate and geography have played a significant part in the movements of prehistoric peoples and their migrations. During the last Ice Age, prehistoric people of central Asia moved across Beringia into North America. This migration was made possible by dropping sea levels that exposed a land bridge, known as the Bering Land Bridge, between Siberia and Alaska. They followed the megafauna such as mammoths which they relied upon for survival. Similarly, groups in the Middle East moved into the fertile lands of northern Mesopotamia, likely driven by the need to find new food sources and more hospitable environments.
The migrations led both groups to adapt to their new surroundings - North American groups eventually became agriculturalists, developing plant domestication techniques, while those in Mesopotamia settled and eventually cultivated the lands, laying down the roots of civilization. What these migrations have in common is the quest for survival in the face of changing climate conditions, which motivated these early humans to explore and settle new territories.