A significant shortage in caloric energy intake, below the level required to sustain an organism's survival, is known as starvation. Malnutrition at its most severe level. Prolonged hunger in humans can result in chronic organ damage and, eventually, death. The symptoms and effects of malnutrition are referred to as initiation. Starvation can also be used to torture or execute people.Hunger, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is the single most serious danger to global public health. Malnutrition, according to the WHO, is by far the leading cause of child mortality, accounting for half of all cases. Every year, 3.1 million children under the age of five die as a result of malnutrition. Actual figures on starving are difficult to come by, but the Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that roughly 842 million people, or about one in every eight (12.5 percent) of the world's population, suffer from malnutrition.The swollen stomach is a symptom of kwashiorkor, a kind of malnutrition.The actual pathophysiology of kwashiorkor is unknown, but it was once assumed to be linked to low-protein, high-carbohydrate diets (e.g. maize). Although many individuals have low albumin levels, this is assumed to be a side effect of the disease. Aflatoxin poisoning, oxidative stress, immunological dysregulation, and altered gut microbiota have all been suggested as possible reasons. Treatment can assist with symptoms like weight loss and muscle atrophy, but prevention is the most important thing to do.
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