Question

Outline a description of the production of protein molecules through transcription and translation. Include the discussions of the following as part of the outline:

■DNA
■mRNA
■RNA polymerase
■base pairing
■transcription
■translation
■tRNA
■rRNA
■ribosomes
■amino acids
■protein

Answer 1

The central dogma of molecular biology explains that the sequence of DNA specifies the sequence of mRNA, which, further, specifies codes for the sequence of proteins. Simply, DNA codes for RNA and RNA codes for proteins.
Transcription results in the synthesis of mRNA (messenger RNA). RNA polymerase is an enzyme that adds nucleotides to mRNA sequence using DNA as a template. According to the base pairing rule, adenine pairs with uracil on mRNA, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
Translation results in the synthesis of proteins. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is part of ribosomes. During translation, mRNA is attached to ribosomes and waits for tRNA (transport RNA) to get amino acids for protein synthesis according to the mRNA sequence.