Hey there
A research paper is a piece of academic writing based on its author's original research on a particular topic, and the analysis of the results founds.
In general, an introduction is a beginning section which states the purpose, context and goals of the following writing. In that section you do not find the chronological order of the document; besides, it does not contain multiple topics sentences because it is not an argument, and an argument just develops a topic sentence in each paragraph. Finally, in the intro of the research paper you do not usually find direct quotations as it is all about interpreting, and you may infeer your readers have knowledge about the topic.
In an introduction, par excellence, you will find a context, which is a background information about the topic. Therefore, correct answer: C. It provides background information.
Hope this helps.