Final answer:
The Copernican model introduced a heliocentric system with simpler laws of physics, while the Kepler model enhanced it with elliptical orbits and empirical laws of planetary motion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Copernican model of the solar system is different from the Kepler model because it was the first to place the sun, rather than the Earth, at the center of the solar system. This heliocentric model was a significant departure from the Ptolemaic model, which was geocentric and had the Earth at the center. Copernicus's model suggested a simpler system that followed certain laws of physics, including Newton's law of gravitation.
Kepler, on the other hand, advanced the Copernican model by showing that planets follow elliptical orbits rather than perfect circles around the sun. Kepler's laws of planetary motion were based on empirical observations and paved the way for a more accurate description of planetary movements, including explanations for the changes in speed as planets orbit the sun.
The prediction by Copernicus that Venus would go through a full range of phases was among the first to challenge the Ptolemaic view. It demonstrated that Venus orbits the sun, an observation that could not be properly verified until the development of the telescope.