The correct answer is option B.) Inference.
The inference is the conclusion based on the observation with the evidences. In this case, the biologist observes the decrease in the count of the rabbits over time. He also observes that the decrease in the count of the rabbits has occurred after the introduction of the coyote population. He also observes that the coyote population is increased. He concludes that rabbit and the coyote population are in negative interaction, as the increase in the number of the coyote result in a decrease in the rabbit population.