Final answer:
In the study of science, observation is the act of noticing phenomena, interpretation involves forming hypotheses based on these observations, and explanation is the detailed analysis of experimental results to confirm or refute hypotheses. These steps are part of the scientific method, which allows observations to become credible scientific knowledge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Observation, interpretation, and explanation are critical elements of scientific inquiry. Observation is the foundational act of noting and recording natural or human-made phenomena, which can include reading about the science of others to inform further inquiry. From these observations, scientists interpret data or symptoms to formulate a hypothesis—an educated guess about the relationships or outcomes that, while sounding factual, has yet to be verified. Good hypotheses are characterized by being testable with predictive yes-or-no questions that can be approached experimentally.
Once a hypothesis is established, an experiment is designed to rigorously test the initial assumption; this involves collecting measurable evidence that can support or refute the hypothesis. It is common practice to perform the experiment multiple times to ensure the reliability and statistical validity of the results. Finally, scientists explain the phenomena through detailed, evidence-based analyses, integrating experimental results with existing knowledge to either confirm or discard hypotheses, and to contribute to the broader scientific understanding.
The scientific method herein described is a structured process for conducting research and solving problems in science. It allows for observations to transform into robust scientific knowledge through meticulous experimentation and analysis, ensuring the advancement of science is based on evidence produced through scientific practices.