A) The Punnett Square shows the crossing betwen two heterozygous individuals, which means that both parents will present one dominant allele (in this case represented by a capital R) and one recessive allel (lowercase letter r). The dominant trait will prevail when the organism has dominant and recessive alleles. Therefore, they have the red color (dominant) not the pink color (recessie).
When crossing the parents Rr x Rr on the Punnet Square, we must combine each allele from one of the parents with the alleles from the other parent, as follows:
All of the alleles indicated by the color red comes from the same parent, and all of the alleles indicated by the color blue are from the other parent. Therefore, the offspring will be: RR, Rr, Rr, rr.
B) The genotype of the offspring refers to the genetic information, the alleles that are present, and if they are homozygous dominant (when both alleles are dominant - RR), heterozygous (one allele is dominant and the other is recessive - Rr) or homozygous recessive (both alleles are recessives - rr). In this case, the genotype percentages will be:
25% RR (homozygous dominant), 50% Rr (heterozygous) and 25% rr (homozygous recessive).
The phenotype of the offspring refers to the visible trait. In this case, to wether it is red (dominant color) or pink (recessive color). It is important to remember that heterozygous individuals will show the dominant trait (red). Therefore, the phenotype percentages will be:
75% red (25% RR + 50% Rr) and 25% pink (25% rr).