Final answer:
(option A) A chronometer is not a method used to determine latitude; it is used to determine longitude. Instruments like the astrolabe, cross-staff, and quadrant were historically used to measure latitude by observing celestial bodies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The method that is not used to determine latitude is a (option A) chronometer, as it is used to determine longitude. A chronometer is a precise timekeeper that allows sailors to calculate longitudinal position by comparing the local time with the time at a known location, such as Greenwich, England. Determining latitude historically involved measuring the elevation angle of celestial bodies above the horizon using instruments such as the astrolabe, cross-staff, or quadrant.
The astrolabe was a device for navigation that enabled mariners to find their north-south position by using constellations as a guide. The cross-staff was used by sailors to measure the elevation angle of the noontime Sun or stars above the horizon, which allowed them to estimate their latitude. The quadrant was another instrument used to sight the horizon and a celestial body to determine its elevation and thus estimate latitude.