Question

1)Which of the following describes how infectious agents in the environment would most likely affect one’s personal health?

a) Exposure would first cause a cell-mediated immune response from the body.

b) Infectious agents would trigger nonspecific external defenses such as sweat, saliva, and mucus.

c) Exposure would weaken the body’s immune system and leave it unable to fight future infections.

d) Infectious agents would invade the body and leave it unable to produce antibodies.



2)Heres the other one too:D This is the last one: Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin and can sometimes be found in the urine. What does this suggest about how the body deals with vitamin C?

a) Vitamin C continues to circulate in the blood so it is available as cells need it.

b) Excess amounts move through the wall of the bladder and re-enter the bloodstream.

c) Excess amounts are removed by the kidneys and excreted along with urine.

d) Vitamin C can be stored in fat cells surrounding the kidneys until it is needed.

Answer 1

The correct answer of question 1 is option a.

Step-by-step explanation:

Exposure to any infectious agent, that is, when the agent has bypassed the first and second lines of defence, it results in the activation of cell-mediated immunity.

Antigen of the infectious agent is represented to T- cell with the help of antigen presenting cell (APC) such as dendritic cell or macrophages. Activated T-cells release cytokines which attracts more and more T-cells.

In addition, it increases the proliferation of T-cells. Some T-cells convert into T-helper cells and some in T-cytotoxic cells and some in T-memory cells.

The T-cytotoxic cells digest the infected cells and T-helper cells further activate more macrophages, dendritic cells, and other lymphocytes such as B cells with the help of cytokines.

Thus, the infection is faught and cleared from the body.

The correct answer of question is option c.

Being soluble in water, the excess amount of vitamin C can be easily excreted out of the body along with urine.

Answer 2

1. c) Exposure would weaken the body’s immune system and leave it unable to fight future infections.
2. c) Excess amounts are removed by the kidneys and excreted along with urine.