Answer: c. statistics
Step-by-step explanation:
Educating women can have an effect on population change in a society because women are the carriers of life. If they are educated on family planning concepts, especially in developing countries, they are more likely to give birth to less children.
Poverty also contributes to population change because poor people have a tendency to give birth to a lot of children due to the false belief that the more children one had, the higher the chances that one will make it.
Policy in a country can also influence population growth such as China's Two-child policy.
Statistics do not contribute to population change.