Question

This is part 2 of the questions i couldnt fit all of them on there lol.

11.
(03.05 MC)
Why must cells be able to both transcribe and replicate their DNA? (2 points)


The cell's DNA must be transcribed before it can be replicated.

New cells can only be created after transcription has taken place.

Transcription can be used when a cell is unable to replicate.

Replication creates new DNA, while transcription creates mRNA.
12.
(03.05 MC)
While the DNA in a human skin cell was being replicated, a single base was miscopied. What is the most likely result of this skin cell? (2 points)


All the proteins the cell creates from the miscopied strand will do different jobs than the old ones.

Any miscopied DNA will be replaced with an accurate DNA copy once the cell divides.

Both new DNA strands will end up together in a new cell, and the inaccurate one will be discarded.

If the new sequence codes for the same amino acid as the original cell, it will function normally.
13.
(03.05 MC)
If a tRNA molecule has an anticodon that reads GCU, what was the codon of the mRNA molecule? (2 points)


GCU

CGA

CGT

UAG
14.
(03.05 MC)
While mRNA strands are being created a sequence is sometimes miscopied. What will be the effect of this on the cell? (2 points)


The damaged mRNA may cause cell death.

Translation may not take place.

Future transcription will not take place.

Ribosomes may be destroyed.
15.
(03.06 MC)
What is the main source that lead to increased genetic variation? (2 points)


Selective breeding

Gamete mutations

Adaptation

Genetic drift
16.
(03.06 MC)
Using the chart, which of the following point mutations will cause the least harmful effect on an individual? (2 points)



U



C



A



G







UUU

Phenylalanine

UCU

Serine

UAU

Tyrosine

UGU

Cysteine

U

U

UUC

Phenylalanine

UCC

Serine

UAC

Tyrosine

UGC

Cysteine

C



UUA

Leucine

UCA

Serine

UAA

Stop

UGA

Stop

A



UUG

Leucine

UCG

Serine

UAG

Stop

UGG

Tryptophan

G



CUU

Leucine

CCU

Proline

CAU

Hisitidine

CGU

Arginine

U

C

CUC

Leucine

CCC

Proline

CAC

Hisitidine

CGC

Arginine

C



CUA

Leucine

CCA

Proline

CAA

Glutamine

CGA

Arginine

A



CUG

Leucine

CCG

Proline

CAG

Glutamine

CGG

Arginine

G



AUU

Isoleucine

ACU

Threonine

AAU

Asparagine

AGU

Serine

U

A

AUC

Isoleucine

ACC

Threonine

AAC

Asparagine

AGC

Serine

C



AUA

Isoleucine

ACA

Threonine

AAA

Lysine

AGA

Arginine

A



AUG

Methionine/Start

ACG

Threonine

AAG

Lysine

AGG

Arginine

G



GUU

Valine

GCU

Alanine

GAU

Aspartate

GGU

Glycine

U

G

GUC

Valine

GCC

Alanine

GAC

Aspartate

GGC

Glycine

C



GUA

Valine

GCA

Alanine

GAA

Glutamate

GGA

Glycine

A



GUG

Valine

GCG

Alanine

GAG

Glutamate

GGG

Glycine

G


A change from AUU to ACU

A change from UGU to UGA

A change from CGA to AGA

A change from UUA to CUG
17.
(03.06 MC)
Tobacco products have been identified as mutagens. However, some tobacco users develop cancer and some do not. The reason for this apparent inconsistency is (2 points)


mutagens only have the capability to cause mutations if exposure lasts over 20 years

some people are more predisposed to developing cancer when exposed to mutagens

not all tobacco products are cancerous

tobacco use only causes benign tumors that are identified as noncancerous
18.
(03.06 MC)
If a mutation occurs in a body cell and the mutation changes the phenotype of the individual, what will happen to the offspring of the individual? (2 points)


The offspring may or may not inherit the new phenotype.

The offspring will inherit neither the genotype nor the phenotype change.

The offspring will inherit the new phenotype.

The offspring will inherit the change in genotype but not the phenotype change.
19.
(03.07 MC)
Recently, some crop plants were genetically modified to be immune to the effects of weed killers. Which of the environmental concerns should be considered before planting the resistant crops? (2 points)


An increase in crop diversity.

A decrease in crop diversity.

An increase in crop yield.

A decrease in crop yield.
20.
(03.08 MC)
If a mother carries a recessive allele for a genetic disorder, such as cystic fibrosis, under what circumstances will her children inherit the disorder? (2 points)


The children's father must also carry the recessive allele

The mother's father must also carry the recessive allele

The paternal grandfather must also carry the recessive allele

The children must be female to inherit the disorder
21.
(03.08 MC)
Why would water be a priority after a natural disaster when most victims have major problems, such as the loss of a home, to deal with? (2 points)


Water sources can get contaminated and infect large groups of people.

Water systems must be turned off during all disasters.

Water is an easier problem to solve the crisis.

Water is something most people forget about during a crisis.

Answer 1

11. Replication creates new DNA, while transcription creates mRNA. The new DNA molecules are created during the process of replication. During the process of transcription mRNA is transcribed from DNA and it further codes for the proteins in the process of translation.

12. If the new sequence codes for the same amino acid as the original cell, it will function normally. Silent mutation means that change in a nucleotide base will not affect amino acid. It will result in a different codon, but the one that code for the same amino acid, so the same protein will be produced.

13. CGA. In the RNA, base complements are adenine - uracil (A-U) and guanine - cytosine (G-C). So, when in the process of translation, anticodons of tRNA pairs with codons of mRNA, the complementary bases will pair.

14. Translation may not take place. If a new sequence contains stop codon, which is a signal for translation termination, translation may not take place.

15. Gamete mutations. Mutation are the alteration of a nucleotide sequence in DNA. By changing a DNA sequence, the mutations produce new sequences, and consequently the mutations add genetic variation. Gamete mutations are heritable

16. A change from CGA to AGA. A change from AUU to ACU changes isoleucine to threonine. A change from UGU to UGA changes cysteine to stop codon. A change from CGA to AGA changes arginine to arginine, other words, there is no change. A change from UUA to CUG changes stop codon to leucine.

17. Some people are more predisposed to developing cancer when exposed to mutagens. Individual differences must be taken into consideration.

18. The offspring will inherit neither the genotype nor the phenotype change. The germline mutations (mutation in sperm and egg cells) are heritable variations in the lineage of germ cells, but mutations in the body cells are not heritable because.

19. A decrease in crop diversity. Although a new genotype is created in the process of genetic engineering, it is unknown if it can reproduce with original plants.

20. The children's father must also carry the recessive allele. In autosomal recessive traits, such as cystic fibrosis, the phenotype is present if both copies of the recessive allele (a) are present (homozygous individuals aa). The recessive alleles are inherited one from mother and one from father.

21. Water sources can get contaminated and infect large groups of people. There are examples in the history of spreading such diseases, for example, typhoid, cholera, etc.

Answer 2

11. The right answer is Replication creates new DNA, while transcription creates mRNA.

The goal of replication is to duplicate the cell's DNA for cell division.

The purpose of transcription is to make the proteins necessary for the functioning, survival, and multiplication of the cell.

12. The right answer is If the new sequence codes for the same amino acid as the original cell, it will function normally.

Both strands of the parental DNA during replication each serve as a template for the synthesis of a new strand.

In this way, the two strands, instead of remaining together at each synthesis (conservative replication), always separate at each cycle (semi-conservative replication)

In the first generation, one strand of each double helix comes from the mother cell. In the second generation, there are only two strands of DNA from the mother cell for four double helices, etc.

13. The right answer is CGA

The canonical pairings between nucleobases, forming "Watson-Crick" base pairs, are, on the one hand, adenine with thymine (for DNA) or uracil (for RNA), and on the other hand, guanine with cytosine (for DNA and RNA).

14. The right answer is Translation may not take place.

The integrity of the mRNA is related to the integrity of the synthesized protein, so if the RNA is poorly transcribed, we obtain either a malformed protein or no protein at all.

15. The right answer is Gamete mutations

There are two main sources of genetic variation:

Mutations of gametes (permanent change of DNA in a gene.).

The gene combinations resulting from sexual reproduction.

16. The right answer is A change from CGA to AGA.

They both code for arginine

The least deleterious mutations are the neutral mutations (which make an amino acid change by another which has the same properties) and the silent mutations (a new codon is obtained which codes for the same amino acid as the first).

17. The right answer is B.

Tobacco use is the leading preventable risk factor for cancer. He is heavily involved in lung cancer as well as upper digestive tract cancer, that is to say:

Cancer of the tongue and mouth

laryngeal cancer

pharyngeal cancer

cancer of the esophagus

Breast cancer

Bladder cancer

Kidney cancer

Cervical cancer

Myeloid leukemia.

18. The right answer is The offspring will inherit neither the genotype nor the phenotype change.

Because the transmission of genotypes to offspring is done only by the germ cells, not the somatic (of the body).

19. The right answer is decreasing in crop diversity

decrease in crop diversity, may be a sign of decreased plant fertility.

20. The right answer is A.

if both parents have the recessive mutant gene, then he has a 25% chance of inheriting the disease.

21. The right answer is A.

Water is a vital resource for humans. It must be of irreproachable quality and available in sufficient quantity. However, various circumstances can lead to contamination of the drinking water or cause a shortage, for example, a breakage or an aqueduct freeze, a drought, a flood or the presence of chemicals, parasites or cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). ) in water.