Answer: c. overcrowded and unnecessary.
The growth of trade during Medieval times motivated the growth of an urban population, located in cities all over the continent. Medieval cities, however, were not as organized and structured as cities are nowadays. They were considerably smaller, with dirt roads. This made the city quite dirty and muddy. As the cities also lacked plumbing, they became areas were disease would thrive due to overcrowding and bad higiene. As the Middle Ages progressed, the cities improved slightly.