Answer: A monarchy
In 1808, the Portuguese court was transferred to the colony of Brazil, escaping the invasions of Napoleon. The Portuguese king continued to rule his empire from there for 15 years. He returned to Portugal in 1821, and his son, Pedro, stated the secession of Brazil from Portugal one year later, leading to the War of Independence. He instituted a constitutional monarchy and became Emperor Pedro I of Brazil. The monarchical government continued until a coup d'état in 1889 instituted the republic in Brazil.