Final answer:
The Pythagorean Theorem is a² + b² = c² and used for right-angled triangles. Trigonometry involves ratios like sine, cosine, and tangent, as well as the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines for solving triangles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Pythagorean Theorem and trigonometric formulas are foundational concepts in mathematics, particularly within the field known as trigonometry. The Pythagorean Theorem, which was detailed by the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras, expresses a relationship between the sides of a right-angled triangle: a² + b² = c², where 'c' is the length of the hypotenuse and 'a' and 'b' are the lengths of the triangle's other two sides.
Trigonometric formulas define the relationships between the angles and sides of a right-angled triangle. The primary trigonometric ratios are sine (θ) = opposite/hypotenuse, cosine (θ) = adjacent/hypotenuse, and tangent (θ) = opposite/adjacent. There are also formulas for trigonometric identities and laws such as the Law of Sines (a/sin α = b/sin β = c/sin γ) and the Law of Cosines (c² = a² + b² - 2ab cos γ), which are useful in solving for unknown sides and angles in various triangles.