Answer:
The statement which best describes the effect of replacing the graph of f(x) with the graph of f(x) - 5 is:
b. The graph shifts 5 units down.
Explanation:
We know that the transformation of the type:
f(x) → f(x)+k
is a translation transformation that shifts the original function f(x) either k units up or k units down depending on k.
If k>0 then the shift is k units up.
and if k<0 then the shift is k units down.
Here we have: k= -5<0
Hence, the shift is 5 units down.
( Let us assume:
f(x)=x² (red curve)
then f(x)-5=x²-5 (blue curve)
we may observe from the graph that there is a shift of 5 units down )