Question

how many bits must be flipped (i.e. changed from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0) in order to capitalize a lowercase 'a' that’s represented in ascii?

Answer 1

lowercase a is decimal 97 ; upper case is decimal 65

It's easier to think of them in octal, however: a = octal 141, and A is octal 101

octal to binary is easy, each digit is three bits.
141 = 001 100 001
101 = 001 000 001

So, how many bits are changed above?