Final answer:
The claim that states may raise money by issuing checks and balances is false; checks and balances refer to the system that ensures no branch of government becomes too powerful. States raise money through bonds or taxes. Additionally, the necessary and proper clause has been used to expand federal powers, not limit them.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that states may raise money by issuing checks and balances is false. Checks and balances are a core democratic principle of American government, which refers to the system in which each branch of the government (executive, judicial, and legislative) has some measure of influence over the other branches, and can block procedures of the other branches to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. To raise money, states issue bonds or collect taxes, not checks and balances.
Regarding exercise 9.3.1, the statement that the necessary and proper clause has had the effect of limiting the power of the national government is false. Instead, the clause has been used to expand the powers of the federal government beyond those specifically listed in the Constitution, allowing it to pass laws deemed necessary and proper to execute its constitutional powers.