Simple......
1.) Angelo earns $2,080... 30% is taken off...
2,080*30%=$624
Thus, $624 is taken off from his pay....answer choice A.
2.) Calculating Percent Markup...
Use these 2 formulas:
Finding Markup%...
Markup=New-Original
Markup%=

Now...start plugging in what you know!! ^-^
567 vacuums were sold this year.....540 were sold last year...
Markup=567-540
Markup=27
Now...Markup%...
Markup%=

Markup%=0.05*100
Markup%=5
Markup%=5% (Choice D)
Thus, your answer.