Final answer:
Menstruation is prevented when the egg is fertilized, as this stops the corpus luteum from degenerating, thereby maintaining hormone levels and the uterine lining. The inflammatory response is characterized by pain, swelling, and a local rise in temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the schoolwork question regarding menstruation is d. egg is fertilized. Menstruation does not occur when the egg is fertilized because the corpus luteum does not degenerate and continues to produce hormones, like progesterone and estrogen, which maintain the uterine lining. The corpus luteum is an essential structure that forms in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates quickly if pregnancy does not occur, leading to a drop in hormone levels and initiating menstruation.
On the other hand, the answer to the question about the inflammatory response is b. pain, swelling, and a local rise in temperature. These are typical signs of inflammation, a fundamental part of the body's immune response to injury or infection. Inflammation does not directly cause permanent immunity or affect how antibodies or cytotoxic T cells function; instead, it is a localized response to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury.