Answer:
Social media
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the factors that contributed to the success of the 2011 and 2012 protests in the Middle East was the use of social media. Social media had not been used to this extent in protests in the region before. Therefore, protests that had been organized in previous decades could not have made use of it. In the case of these protests, social media contributed to the mobilization of people and the spread of news.