The correct answer is 'the Renaissance'. After the Hundred Years' War, which is largely regarded by historians to be the point where chivalry ended, people in Italy began to focus on creating art and literature. The main reason that the Renaissance occurred when it did was because, during the Crusades, Western Europe had recovered Greek and Roman books from Muslim libraries, sparking a revival in art and learning. After the Renaissance lifestyle had grown popular in Italy, it began to spread throughout Western Europe as people saw the paintings and books that Italians were creating.
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