Question

Which of the following is not a factor involved in the process of evaluating an observational study?

Introduction
Results
Discussion
Bias

Answer 1

Results and Discussion are definitely very relevant for examining an observational study - they contain the core of the study, so they will definitely be considered when evaluated.
So we choose between "Bias" and "Introduction".

I think that the correct answer is "Introduction" -as it doesn't include any new information about the study, and only summarizes previous work.

Answer 2

The answer is D, bias. If bias were a factor in an observational study(which it is not), then the study would be inaccurate due to someone's personal views affecting the results. Therefore bias is not a factor in the process of evaluating an observational study.

I don't know who verified the answer of the person why thought the answer was A, but they were incorrect.