Final answer:
The Reformation brought about profound changes in Christianity, leading to the creation of Protestant denominations with differing beliefs from Roman Catholicism. It emphasized salvation through faith alone and the sole authority of scripture, changing religious practices and causing widespread societal upheaval and wars.
Step-by-step explanation:
How the Reformation Changed Christianity
The Reformation fundamentally altered Christianity in the 16th century, beginning when Martin Luther objected to practices such as the sale of indulgences in the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation, initiated by Luther, emphasized that salvation could only be achieved through faith alone, rather than a combination of faith and good works as the Catholic Church taught. Luther also asserted that scripture was the sole authority for Christian life and doctrine, challenging the Catholic Church's adherence to tradition.
As Luther's ideas spread due to the printing press, they led to the establishment of various Protestant denominations, such as those following John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli. These challenged traditional Catholic beliefs and practices, including issues such as clerical celibacy and the doctrine of transubstantiation. Additionally, traditional Catholic practices like religious orders of monks and nuns were abolished, and a vocation in the clergy was no longer considered superior to other careers.
The Reformation also incited religious wars across Europe, as Protestant and Catholic factions fought over the true expression of the Christian faith. This was a deeply violent period, often dividing families and communities. Artists at the time had to navigate this changing landscape where religious patronage was scrutinized under new religious interpretations.