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Caliph (or khalifa) literally means

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Answer:

A caliph is a religious and civil leader in a Muslim country. ... Caliph comes from the Arabic word khalafa, meaning "successor" or "next in line." It was taken as a title by Abu-bekr, the first Islamic leader after the death of Mohammed, the prophet who founded the religion of Islam.

User Ntcong
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The chief Muslim ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad.
User Thoroc
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