Final answer:
Impaired judgment due to alcohol consumption affects the brain and can lead to long-term health issues, particularly within the excretory system such as the liver and kidneys.
Step-by-step explanation:
Impaired judgment is one significant effect of alcohol on the brain and excretory system. Alcohol intoxication affects cognitive functions and decision-making abilities by decreasing reaction time, visual acuity, and behavioral control. At high levels of consumption, one may experience loss of consciousness, difficulties in remembering events, and potentially hazardous effects on the liver and kidneys, both vital organs in the excretory system.
Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to liver disease, kidney disease, and disturbances in blood ion concentration and acid-base balance. Diagnosis of alcohol intoxication can involve BAC testing, pointing to the importance of understanding lawful limits such as the 0.08% by volume for driving in most US states, as measured by devices like the Breathalyzer.