Final answer:
The term 'achieved status' refers to a social position attained through personal effort or attributes, distinguishing it from 'ascribed status,' which is obtained involuntarily at birth or through circumstance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Achieved status refers to a social position that a person attains through their efforts, choices, and accomplishments, such as becoming a nurse or earning a degree. An ascribed status, on the other hand, is a status one is born with or enters involuntarily, such as race, gender, or family lineage. To answer the question directly, the achieved statuses listed are a high school dropout' and 'a self-made millionaire,' while 'as a daughter or son' is an ascribed status, which means a person is born into it without choice. Therefore, 'as a daughter or son' would be the correct answer as it is not an achieved status. Sociologists analyze these terms to understand societal roles and how individuals' positions within the social hierarchy affect their lives, particularly in terms of opportunities and social mobility.