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Explain how crossing over, the distribution of random mixes of homologous chromosomes into gametes, and fertilization all contribute to variation in the traits of offspring

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When homologous chromosomes in meiosis are lined ( during prophase I and materials I) for separation to daughter cells, the chromosomes arms may form a synapse and exchange genetic material. This results in gamete cells having recombinant alleles. When fertilization occurs, two haploid gametes from different individuals fuse to form a diploid cell that has genetic traits from both the parents.





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