Question

The energy used to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space is derived from

Answer 1

The energy used to pump hydrogen ions is derived from the electrons released from NADH and FADH2. This energy is used to pump H+ ions across the inner membrane, creating a concentration gradient. The flow of these ions back into the matrix through ATP synthase powers the production of ATP.

Step-by-step explanation:

The energy used to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space is derived from the electrons released from NADH and FADH2. These electrons pass along an electron transport chain on the inner membrane, and with each step, a small amount of energy is released. This energy is used to pump H+ ions across the inner membrane, creating a concentration gradient. The flow of these ions back into the matrix through ATP synthase powers the production of ATP.

Answer 2

Potential energy is use to pump hydrogen ions or protons, from the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria into the matrix space. The energy is derived from the active pump that generates a proton concentration gradient across inner mitochondrial membrane then the difference in electric charge and pH creates an electrochemical potential, which produces potential energy.