Hi there, Nicky :)
We'll start with the first one. The point of the Earth receiving the most incoming solar radiation is called he equator, located at zero degrees latitude, therefore the closer you get to zero degrees latitude, the warmer the area is.
For the next one, it's the doldrums. Many ships get stuck here, as the wind is very inconsistent, and it can stop the sails.
Lastly, in the northern hemisphere, air is deflected to the right. If you've ever seen a hurricane in the north, you'd notice it actually does spin to the right due to the Coriolanus Effect.
Hope this helps you!