Answer: A. shifts to the defendant.
Explanation: The plaintiff usually has the burden of proving negligence. If the injury or damage wouldn’t ordinarily have occurred if reasonable care had been exercised, and if the defendant had exclusive control over the cause of the injury, however, (the burden of proof shifts to the defendant. This shift is called res ipsa loquitur), which is Latin for “the thing speaks for itself.” This sometimes can be the case in medical malpractice. PF