If I'm not mistaken, this is cross multiplying.
The first one is 2/2 = 6/10
You will multiply 2x10= 20
Multiply 6x X= 6x
You will divide 6 into 20.
20 / 6 = 3.33333
Second:
8/x =4/11
Multiply 8 x 11= 88
Multiply 4 x X = 4x
Divide 88/4
88/4=22
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