Question

DNA is ultimately responsible for the proteins that are produced in an organism. What is the process (name and describe it) that produces proteins, and what are the roles of chromosomes, DNA, and genes in this process?

Answer 1

Translation is the process by which a cell creates proteins.
The DNA carry the information for every protein, codified in bases (ATCG).
This code is read and converted to mRNA (transcription), later this info is read by the ribosomes and the instruction are that for every three bases of the mRNA one aminoacid is assembled for the protein.
A protein is constructed by a row of aminoacids.