Vivian problem: If her highest score is 42 points higher than her lowest score, just subtract 42 from 438. The answer is 396.
Concert problem: let w=women and 2w=men. your equation would be: w+2w=714
3w=714
w=238. There were 238 women.
Park problem: let the length=3w and the width=w. so, to find w, you would have to divide by 3, and since the length is 123, do (your equation would be 3w=123) 123/3 which would give you 41 ft for the width.
Darwin's age: let darwin's age=2f+6 and fiona=f. If darwin's age=50, then set 2f+6=50
2f=44
f=22. Fiona's age is 22 years.