Answer:
First question: The Battle of Midway
Second question: Island Hopping
Step-by-step explanation:
The Battle of Midway had turned the tides of the war in the pacific. The USA landed a critical blow on the Japanese Navy that they would never recover from, the sinking of four aircraft carriers.
The Island Hopping strategy was the plan to slowly liberate all Japanese occupied territories until they reached the islands of Japan. This went all according to plan until the atomic bombs that had been dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima