Question

Summarize the case of the Atlantic cod. In your response, specifically address the following points:

What method is most commonly used to extract cod?

What are the environmental consequences of this method?

What is the evidence that cod are being overfished?

What remedies have governments enacted to help restore cod populations?

Answer 1

Atlantic cod was the mainstay of fisheries based in southeast Canada and New England.for centuries However, in the early 1990s, a dramatic decline in cod stocks forced fishery managers to close some of the world's most productive fishing grounds..The case study of the Atlantic Cod as an illustration of major issues in the management of marine fisheries.The bottom trawl increased landings but unlike earlier methods, captured many non-target species and disturbed or destroyed bottom habitats. In May of 2003, the Canadian fisheries ministry ordered an end to all Atlantic cod fishing in three regions off the Newfoundland and Labrador coast In the same year fishing in three regions off the Newfoundland and Labrador coast. In the same year,Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic cod populations were declared “endangered.”.The establishment of a “200-mile fishing limit”.had been demanded by the domestic fishing industry for years to reduce the impact of foreign fishing vessels on fish stocks. Recently, it has been suspected that increased herring populations may be inhibiting recovery of cod.  Atlantic herring populations increased after the decline of Atlantic cod in the early 1990s  Herring feed on cod eggs and larvae and therefore, the community may be stuck in a herringâ€dominated system. Earlier attempts to end over fishing and implement ecosystem-based fishery management have fallen short of the hopes of mostfisheries managers and scientists.

Answer 2

Atlantic Cod - Also known as Cod or Codling. As they can grow up to 51 inches and 77 pounds. And has a life span of more then 20 years.

Because it's a low-calorie, high protein fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids and various other heart-healthy vitamins, it's no wonder that cod is one of the most popular sea foods

Step-by-step explanation:

Ans 1- In the 1960's a new way to catch fish was introduced, as powerful trawlers equipped with radar, electronic navigation systems, and sonar came to market. And it made very easy for fishermen to catch cods but with great cost.

Ans 2- As the new way catching fish(trawlers) made it easy to catch cods but it also had bad consequences. As along with cods other unwanted marine life were captured in the process which were ecologically more important.

Ans 3- The evidence are provided as below,

• According to the 2017 stock assessment, the Gulf of Maine stock is over fished and below the target biomass level.

• According to the 2017 stock assessment, the Georges Bank stock is over fished.

Ans 4-As there are two institution now a days who are keeping an eye on the situation of cods, which are NOAA Fisheries and the New England Fishery Management Council who are keeping a check in the Gulf of Maine cod.

As the Northeast Multi species Fishery Management Plan, which includes:

• Permitting requirements for commercial vessels.

• Separate management measures for recreational vessels.

• Year-round and seasonal area closures to protect spawning fish and habitat.

• Minimum fish sizes to prevent harvest of juvenile fish.

• Annual catch limits, based on best available science.