Final answer:
The author uses quotation marks in lines 8-20 to indicate direct quotes, special terminology, or important phrases, and to adhere to scholarly standards by properly citing sources. These quotes may provide clarity, emphasis, or illustrate a point with the original language for academic integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Authors often use quotation marks to highlight specific words or phrases that are directly taken from another source, to signify that the words are being used in a special or unusual way, or to show dialogue. In the context of your question, where lines 8-20 of a text are being analyzed, the author may have used quotation marks to achieve a number of effects. For example, quotation marks can clarify that a phrase is meant to be understood as irony, sarcasm, or jargon. They can also indicate a direct quote from another work, person, or character—signaling to the reader that these specific words are important or carry a significant meaning that is pivotal to the author’s point, as seen in the example, 'You shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free' (John 8:32, King James Version).
In scholarly writing, quotation marks are used to adhere to academic standards for citing sources, such as in the example where a student explains Aldo Leopold’s view by quoting from A Sand County Almanac. Here, the use of quotation marks helps maintain academic integrity by attributing the original ideas to their source and offering readers a direct view of the author's language and thought process. The quotes are integrated into the student's writing to provide a clearer and more compelling argument, and the use of signal phrases indicates the change from the student's voice to that of the author being cited.