22.5 newtons. First, let's determine how much energy the stone had at the moment of impact. Kinetic energy is expressed as: E = 0.5mv^2 where E = Energy m = mass v = velocity Substituting known values and solving gives: E = 0.5 3.06 kg (7 m/s)^2 E = 1.53 kg 49 m^2/s^2 E = 74.97 kg*m^2/s^2 Now ignoring air resistance, how much energy should the rock have had? We have a 3.06 kg moving over a distance of 10.0 m under a force of 9.8 m/s^2. So 3.06 kg * 10.0 m * 9.8 m/s^2 = 299.88 kg*m^2/s^2 So without air friction, we would have had 299.88 Joules of energy, but due to air friction we only have 74.97 Joules. The loss of energy is 299.88 J - 74.97 J = 224.91 J So we can claim that 224.91 Joules of work was performed over a distance of 10 meters. So let's do the division. 224.91 J / 10 m = 224.91 kg*m^2/s^2 / 10 m = 22.491 kg*m/s^2 = 22.491 N Rounding to 3 significant figures gives an average force of 22.5 newtons.