Final answer:
New England's industrial development was influenced by its water resources which provided energy for early factories, limited agricultural potential due to rocky soil and harsh climate, and the presence of ports which enabled trade and transportation of goods.
Step-by-step explanation:
Impact of Geography on New England's Industrial Development
The geography of New England had a significant impact on the region's industrial development during the Industrial Revolution. One of the crucial geographical features that contributed to New England's industrialization was the presence of numerous streams and rivers. These waterways provided the vital water power needed for the operation of the early textile factories. With water wheels and later turbines, factories harnessed energy for manufacturing, taking advantage of the waterfalls along the region's fall line.
However, rocky soil and an unpredictable climate rendered the area unsuitable for extensive agricultural pursuits, which in turn encouraged the growth of industry as an alternative economic activity. The mechanization of the manufacturing process, beginning with the textile industry, required reliable power sources that water provided efficiently. Later on, as power needs grew, waterpower began to give way to electrical power, which further facilitated industrial expansion. Moreover, the numerous ports in New England facilitated trade and transportation, making it easier to ship goods and receive raw materials.
In summary, the geographical features of New England, characterized by abundant water sources and unsuitable agricultural conditions, directed the region's economic activity toward industrial endeavors, particularly in the production of textiles and other manufactured goods. This was further supported by the availability of transport via waterways and ports, which accelerated industrial growth and urbanization in the area.